Granzyme B PET Imaging of the Innate Immune Response

Imaging Granzyme B Activity Assesses Immune-Mediated Myocarditis.

RATIONALE The development of molecular imaging approaches that assess specific immunopathologic mechanisms can advance the study of myocarditis. OBJECTIVE This study validates a novel molecular imaging tool that enables the in vivo visualization of granzyme B activity, a major effector of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We synthesized and optimized a fluorogenic substrate ...

Targeted noninvasive imaging of the innate immune response.

Monitoring the immune system is complicated by its enormous cellular heterogeneity and by the continuous flux in the phenotypes and numbers of immune cells throughout the body. Measurements can be performed on tissue biopsies or peripheral blood, but these methods do not provide whole-body systemic information and may suffer from sampling errors. Noninvasive imaging techniques could provide an ...

Induction of Innate Immune Response

Rotavirus Antagonism of the Innate Immune Response

Rotavirus is a primary cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The virus is sensitive to the antiviral effects triggered by the interferon (IFN)-signaling pathway, an important component of the host cell innate immune response. To counteract these effects, rotavirus encodes a nonstructural protein (NSP1) that induces the degradation of proteins involved in reg...

Postnatal programming of the innate immune response.

A host's defensive response to a pathogen is a phylogenetically ancient reaction that consists of a CNS-mediated series of autonomic, hormonal and behavioral responses that combine to combat infection. The absence of such defense results in greater morbidity and mortality and thus, these responses are essential for survival. The postnatal period represents a malleable phase in which the long-te...